Many of the customs associated with Christmas are about overcoming darkness, a fitting metaphor for Christianity. But decorated trees, yule logs, and even singing “I'm Dreaming of a White Christmas” have nothing to do with Christianity.
Most ancient cultures had a festival associated with the winter solstice. In parts of northern Europe, pre-Christians referred to this changing of the seasons as “Yule.”
As days grow shorter and nights longer, our pagan ancestors prayed to their gods offering sacrifices and performing rituals to ensure the sun's warmth and light would not disappear all together.
Winter arrives officially Thursday, Dec. 22 at 5:30 am. This is the shortest day of the year. The sun will rise at 8:05 am and will set at 4:40 pm. There will be a minute or two of more daylight Dec. 23 as the days will start getting a little longer leading up to the summer solstice six months from now. (The 2012 winter solstice will take place Dec. 21, 2012, the speculated date for "the end of the world,” according to the Mayan calendar.)
Saturnalia was a winter festival celebrated by the Romans that led up to the birthday of their sun god on Dec. 25. In 320 AD, Pope Julius I proclaimed Dec. 25 as the official celebration date for the birthday of Jesus Christ. A few years earlier, Roman emperor Constantine co-opted Saturnalia traditions into the "Christian" holiday of Christmas.
During medieval times, Christmas continued to be a time of partying as well as praying. In the early 17th century, Oliver Cromwell and his Puritan forces cancelled Christmas in Britain because they considered it to be decadent and pagan since Jesus was not really born Dec. 25. Experts believe he was probably born in the fall, perhaps during the Jewish high holidays.
Christmas was reinstated by Charles II, but it a remained a more sombre and religious celebration until rather recently. In Scotland, for example, New Year's Eve, traditionally, is the time of gift-gifting and parties.
In 1837, the British government made Dec. 25 a legal holiday. The Times of London made no mention of Christmas between 1790 and 1836.
Martin Luther in Germany is credited with inventing the idea of a lighted Christmas tree, but various pagan cultures decorated their homes with greenery, and others maintained the concept of a sacred tree during the winter solstice.
Queen Victoria and Charles Dickens were the Martha Stewarts of their day, each in their own way establishing the Victorian concept of Christmas in the British Empire.
Once the royal family had a Christmas tree, everyone wanted one. Dickens' A Christmas Carol makes a case for turkey and plum pudding, but there is no mention of Jesus or any of the religious aspects of the holiday.
Across the pond, Americans had to work Dec. 25 until 1870 when it was made a legal holiday. Harper's magazine began to run illustrations of Santa with a beard and reindeer around 1862. In 1942 Irving Berlin, who was Jewish, wrote I'm Dreaming of a White Christmas.
DeeAnn Mandryk in her book, Canadian Christmas Traditions, writes, “Canadian Christmas celebrations represent a rich tapestry of multi-cultural customs and traditions imported by European explorers, traders, pioneers, and settlers.” She might have added American pop culture into that tapestry.
And this brings us to 2011 when Elvis and Star Wars heroes are sold as Christmas tree decorations and people put inflated Grinches on their front yards.
Statistics Canada reports $196.2 million worth of decorations were imported to Canada in 2005. The bulk ($175.3 million) came from China, with Russia and some Eastern European nations supplying much of the remainder. The average Canadian spends $1,000 per person at Christmas according to Statistics Canada. Christmas is a $38-billion industry in Canada. In the United States, Americans spent approximately $457 billion during the holiday season. Let's hope some of that money is spent on peace and goodwill.